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annotate mcabber/doc/guide/guide.tex @ 1680:1d84f5be2ad1
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author | Mikael Berthe <mikael@lilotux.net> |
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date | Tue, 02 Feb 2010 22:35:53 +0100 |
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1 \documentclass[12pt,oneside,a4]{book} |
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2 \usepackage{hyperref} |
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3 \usepackage{float} |
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4 \usepackage{listings} |
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5 \usepackage{graphicx} |
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6 \usepackage{multirow} |
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7 \title{Mcabber User Guide} |
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8 \author{franky} |
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9 \begin{document} |
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10 \maketitle |
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11 \tableofcontents |
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12 \chapter*{Introduction} |
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13 This guide was written for users who are new to mcabber\cite{mcabber} which is a small |
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14 command line client for the Jabber protocol\cite{jabber} as an introduction. This introduction may |
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15 become a comprehensive guide to every aspect of mcabber later, but the first versions should only be |
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16 regarded as an overview of all features. Feel free to bug me with corrections of spelling errors or |
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17 with contributions to the content. |
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18 \paragraph{Conventions used in this guide:\\} |
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19 \begin{tabular}{ c p{10cm} } |
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20 \verb+/command+ & This is a command for mcabber which can only be executed during runtime.\\ |
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21 \verb+command+ & A command for mcabber which can be given in the configuration file, too.\\ |
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22 \verb+$command+ & The \$-sign precedes shell commands.\\ |
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23 \textit{variable} & This is a variable which can be set in the configuration file or during runtime. \\ |
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24 \end{tabular} |
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25 \chapter{Basic Usage} |
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26 After installing mcabber, you should create a configuration file first. The easiest way of doing this |
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27 is to copy the sample configuration file\cite{samplerc} to \~{}/.mcabber/mcabberrc. Then, you only have to change the variables |
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28 \textit{username} and \textit{server} before you can, finally, start mcabber. When the Login was successful, |
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29 mcabber might look similar to the following screenshot:\\ |
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30 \begin{figure}[h!] |
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31 \centering |
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32 \includegraphics[scale=0.8]{guide} |
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33 \caption{screenshot of mcabber} |
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34 \label{fig:screenshot} |
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35 \end{figure} |
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36 The screen is divided into 4 regions: The roster(sometimes called buddy list) in the upper left, |
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37 the chat window/buffer in the upper right, the input line at the bottom and the log window above the |
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38 input line. Those two blue lines which are below and above the log window are status lines. The lower one |
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39 displays the general mcabber status and the upper line the status of the selected contact. |
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40 The screenshot shows mcabber in "chat mode" which can be entered by pressing enter or sending a message |
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41 when a contact is selected. Leaving chatmode is done by pressing Esc. To move between your contacts, you |
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42 can use the buttons Pg Up/Pg Down. If you look at the roster of the screenshot, you will notice that the |
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43 contact "loic" is marked red. That's the default for the "unread" color, so "loic" sent a message to |
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44 you, but you have not read it, yet. Moving by pressing Pg Down would need 6 key presses, so it might be faster to use |
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45 \verb+/roster unread_next+ to quickly jump to the next unread buffer. Which brings us to the interface of mcabber. |
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46 Since mcabber has only one input line, there has to be some way of distinguishing mcabber commands from normal text |
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47 messages. As you might have guessed already, all mcabber commands start with a slash, while any other line which you |
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48 have entered will be sent as a message to the selected buddy. You won't find a complete list of all commands here, |
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49 since mcabber has already got a great help system. It's at your fingertips when you enter \verb+/help+. |
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50 Furthermore, you can choose the language of the help system by setting \textit{lang} to de, en, fr, it, nl, pl, ru or uk. |
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51 \section{Multi-user Chat} |
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52 Jabber offers more than other one-on-one chats. There is an extension\cite{xep45} which adds many-to-many chat, |
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53 very similar to systems like IRC. Mcabber can participate through the command \verb+/room+. If you happen to |
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54 find big rooms, you should play a bit with \verb+/color muc+ to make the conversation more readable. |
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55 Last but not least, you might be interested in the channel mcabber@conf.lilotux.net as a new mcabber user. |
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56 Feel free to drop by and tell us about your experiences with mcabber or this guide! |
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57 \section{Transports} |
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58 Transports, also known as Gateways, are Jabber server components which are used for translating your Jabber messages |
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59 for proprietary networks like ICQ, AIM or MSN. At the time of writing, mcabber can't register transports, but, |
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60 if you've registered a transport with another client, you'll be able to use them within mcabber. |
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61 Transports are, basically, just another contact on your roster. Thus, using transports is done by sending your status, |
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62 maybe explicitly with \verb+/status_to+. |
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63 \section{Symbols} |
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64 Most users may be puzzled when they see all those different characters in the roster, the status bar and |
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65 in the chat window for the first time. Some of those symbols might be obvious, but others aren't descriptive at all. |
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66 So, here is a list of all characters and their meanings, structured per window where they were taken from. \\ |
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67 \begin{tabular}{c c} |
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68 \begin{tabular}{|c | l|} |
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69 \hline |
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70 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Roster}\\ |
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71 \hline |
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72 Symbols & Rosteritem \\ \hline |
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73 \verb+---+ & unfolded Group \\ |
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74 \verb-+++- & folded Group \\ \hline |
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75 \verb+[ ]+ & buddy or chat room(MUC) \\ |
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76 \verb+{ }+ & buddy who can't see your status \\ |
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77 \verb- + - & buddy is typing \\ |
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78 \verb+ . + & buddy stopped typing \\ |
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79 \verb+ _ + & buddy status: offline \\ |
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80 \verb+ o + & buddy status: online \\ |
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81 \verb+ a + & buddy status: away \\ |
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82 \verb+ d + & buddy status: do not disturb \\ |
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83 \verb+ n + & buddy status: not available\\ |
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84 \verb+ f + & buddy status: free for chat \\ |
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85 \verb+ ? + & buddy status unknown \\ |
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86 \verb+ x + & muc status: not connected \\ |
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87 \verb+ C + & muc status: connected \\ |
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88 \hline |
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89 \end{tabular} |
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90 & |
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91 \begin{tabular}{|c | l|} |
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92 \hline |
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93 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Chat Window} \\ \hline |
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94 Symbols & Meaning \\ \hline |
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95 \verb+-->+ & sent message \\ |
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96 \verb+<==+ & received message \\ |
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97 \verb+~+ & message was encrypted with GPG\\ |
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98 \verb+O+ & message was encrypted with OTR\\ |
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99 \verb+***+ & info message \\ |
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100 \verb+#<#+ & error message \\ |
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101 \hline |
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102 %\end{tabular} |
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103 %\begin{tabular}{|c | l|} |
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104 % \hline |
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105 \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Upper Status Line} \\ \hline |
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106 Symbols & Meaning \\ \hline |
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107 \verb+~+ & chat mode enabled \\ |
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108 \verb+*+ & buffer is scroll-locked \\ |
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109 \verb+[C]+ & chatstate: composing \\ |
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110 \verb+[A]+ & chatstate: active \\ |
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111 \verb+[I]+ & chatstate: inactive \\ |
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112 \verb+[P]+ & chatstate: paused \\ |
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113 \verb+[G]+ & chatstate: gone \\ |
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114 \hline |
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115 \end{tabular} |
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116 \end{tabular} |
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117 \chapter{Logging} |
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118 Some people write their diaries to remember special moments. Others merely save their chat logs, |
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119 which are often full of personal details, too. Of course, mcabber can keep your chat history |
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120 and fortunately, the format of these logs is easy enough to read with your |
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121 favourite text editor. Moreover, searching is possible with standard unix tools like \verb+$grep+. |
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122 \section{Enable Logging} |
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123 To enable logging, you'll have to add some lines to your configuration file: |
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124 \begin{lstlisting} |
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125 set logging = 1 |
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126 set load_logs = 1 |
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127 \end{lstlisting} |
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128 Those variables tell mcabber to log the chat history and to load old logs when you restart it. |
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129 Please note that there are a lot of other variables affecting logging. You can e.g. choose whether |
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130 you want to log Multi-user Chats(\textit{log\_muc\_conf}) or whether you want to log status changes(\textit{logging\_ignore\_status}). |
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131 You'll find them all in the sample configuration file\cite{samplerc} if you search for "History Logging". |
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132 \section{Grouping logs} |
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133 If you know other instant messengers, you might be used to a concept called "metacontacts". |
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134 They can be used to group users, which have multiple representations in your |
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135 roster (e.g. because they have work and home accounts). Unfortunately, mcabber doesn't support |
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136 metacontacts yet, but at least you can group the history of different contacts together. |
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137 This basically works by merging those histories and then creating a symlink frome one to the other. |
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138 Here's an example with the histories of foo\_work@jabber.org ond foo\_home@jabber.org: |
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139 \begin{lstlisting} |
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140 $ cd ~/.mcabber/histo/ |
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141 $ merge_history.py foo_work@jabber.org foo_home@jabber.org > foo |
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142 $ mv foo foo_home@jabber.org |
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143 $ rm foo_work@jabber.org |
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144 $ ln -sf foo_home@jabber.org foo_work@jabber.org |
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145 \end{lstlisting} |
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146 The script merge\_history.py is included in the mcabber tarball. |
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147 \section{Converting centerim logs} |
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148 You've got old centericq\cite{centericq} or centerim\cite{centerim} logs and want to keep |
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149 them in mcabber? There's a script called cicq2mcabber.pl in the contrib directory of the mcabber |
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150 tarball which can be used to do that. Now you only have to figure out where exactly |
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151 centerim saves the history of a particular contact(somewhere under \~{}/.centerim/), |
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152 convert this file to the mcabber history format and save it to \~{}/.mcabber/histo/ with the |
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153 Jabber ID as the filename. |
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154 \chapter{Scripting} |
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155 This chapter will introduce you to the scripting facilities of mcabber. |
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156 \section{Aliases} |
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157 Aliases are used to map complex commands to a word. \verb+/roster search+ is one of the commands worth remapping |
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158 because it will be used every day. If you want to remap it to \verb+/rs+, |
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159 issue the command \verb+alias rs = roster search+. |
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160 \section{Internal Hooks} |
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161 Internal Hooks can be used to let mcabber execute commands when a special event occurs. |
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162 At the time of this writing, only 2 hooks were defined: |
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163 \begin{itemize} |
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164 \item \textit{hook-post-connect} |
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165 \item \textit{hook-pre-disconnect} |
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166 \end{itemize} |
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167 The time of the execution is self-explaining, just set those variables to the command you want |
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168 to execute. |
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169 \section{External scripts} |
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170 Mcabber will execute the external script specified in the variable \textit{events\_command} whenever a new |
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171 message is received. It will be called at least with 3 parameters: |
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172 \begin{enumerate} |
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173 \item MSG or STATUS |
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174 \item IN, OUT or MUC if the first argument was MSG or one character of "\_OFDNAI" if the first argument was STATUS |
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175 \item The JID which triggered the event |
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176 \item (optional) filename of the file which contains the message body |
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177 \end{enumerate} |
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178 If you need the message body for your event script, you'll have to set the option \textit{event\_log\_files} to 1. |
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179 The script has to delete that file after it processed it. To execute mcabber commands, |
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180 you'll have to compile mcabber with FIFO support(\verb+$./configure --enable-fifo+). Then activate it by setting the |
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181 variable \textit{fifo\_name} to the filename of the fifo in your config file. There will be some verbose debug |
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182 output in the logging window if you don't set the variable \textit{fifo\_hide\_output} to 1.\\ |
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183 There is another variable which might be interesting for the developer of external scripts. |
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184 If \textit{statefile} is set to a filename, mcabber saves the JIDs of all unread buffers to that file, one per line. |
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185 \chapter{Encryption} |
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186 Encryption is one of the greatest advantages of Jabber compared to similar |
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187 "legacy" networks like ICQ, MSN, AIM, etc. With encryption, you'll be able |
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188 to communicate in hostile network environments with a clear conscience, |
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189 because almost nobody will be able to spy on you. Practically, every connection |
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190 which is established when using the Jabber protocol could be encrypted. |
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191 First of all, you can connect to your Jabber server via ssl, which will |
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192 prevent anyone between you and the server from sniffing your plaintext |
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193 messages or your password. In mcabber you could enable this feature by adding |
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194 \begin{lstlisting} |
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195 set ssl = 1 |
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196 set ssl_verify = -1 |
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197 \end{lstlisting} |
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198 to your configuration file. |
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199 The next step is server to server encryption, which you can't control, |
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200 unless you're the admin of your server. So, theoretically it would be possible |
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201 to spy between Jabber servers, or maybe your buddy doesn't use an ssl |
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202 connection. Of course, if you are truly paranoid, you won't trust the |
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203 server admins but only your buddy. So, to encrypt messages between you and your |
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204 buddy, end-to-end encryption can be used. There are two protocols for |
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205 accomplishing this: The first one is OpenPGP/GnuPG, which is a semi standard\cite{xep27} |
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206 in the Jabber world. The other protocol is Off-the-Record(OTR) Messaging, which was |
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207 designed by cryptographers Ian Goldberg and Nikita Borisov\cite{otr}. Although OTR |
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208 isn't a standard, a lot of developers have implemented it for their instant |
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209 messaging clients. The main reason might be the availability of libotr\cite{libotr}, |
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210 an open-source library from the authors of OTR which does all the hard work. |
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211 GnuPG is considered to be more mature, but it also has a major drawback: |
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212 You can't encrypt messages between Jabber and legacy networks. Because |
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213 naturally, the clients of other networks won't support Jabber extensions. |
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214 OTR can fill that gap, because it only uses the message body as an envelope |
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215 for the whole protocol. |
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216 |
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217 I will now describe in detail how to use both protocols with mcabber. |
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218 \section{OpenPGP} |
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219 First of all, I'm assuming that you've already generated a gnupg key |
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220 which you want to use to encrypt Jabber messages. If you haven't done |
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221 this before, go to \url{http://gnupg.org/documentation/} first. |
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222 |
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223 Using PGP encryption with mcabber should be straight-forward, but you have to |
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224 restart mcabber for configuring it. To enable PGP for mcabber, you must |
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225 add two lines to your configuration file: |
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226 \begin{lstlisting} |
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227 set pgp = 1 |
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228 set pgp_private_key = 23DEADBEEFDEAD42 |
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229 \end{lstlisting} |
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230 The first one enables OpenPGP and the second line tells mcabber which PGP key it |
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231 should use. If you didn't notice: This hexadecimal number is the last |
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232 characters of your PGP key fingerprint, get it with |
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233 \verb+gpg --fingerprint+\verb+ --list-secret-keys+. |
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234 If you have no problems writing your passphrase to your hard disk, you could |
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235 also set the variable \textit{pgp\_passphrase} in your config file. Otherwise mcabber will |
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236 ask you for your passphrase at every start-up. |
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237 From now on, mcabber will magically use PGP encryption whenever it can. |
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238 Basically this works because presence messages of users using PGP are signed |
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239 with their key. If you happen to have a contact whose Jabber client doesn't |
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240 conform to that part of the standard, you can manually give mcabber their key |
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241 fingerprint: |
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242 \begin{lstlisting} |
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243 pgp setkey foo@bar.net D9940C9BB1B92310 |
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244 \end{lstlisting} |
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245 \section{OTR} |
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246 Enabling OTR in mcabber works in almost the same manner as PGP. But instead of |
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247 generating your encryption key by hand, mcabber will create one for you when |
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248 it starts. This might take some time and you can speed it up by generating |
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249 randomness by typing, moving the mouse, writing to hard disk etc. |
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250 But first of all, you must add the following lines to your configuration file |
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251 and restart mcabber: |
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252 \begin{lstlisting} |
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253 set otr = 1 |
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254 otrpolicy default manual |
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255 \end{lstlisting} |
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256 The first line is analogous to PGP. The second one gives the OTR subsystem |
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257 the hint that you want to be able to start encrypted OTR channels |
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258 manually(by issuing \verb+/otr start+). If you want that they are also "magically" started, you should |
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259 change \verb+manual+ to \verb+opportunistic+. The opportunistic mode adds some whitespace |
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260 characters to the first message sent to a buddy. So, his client can find those |
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261 characters and establish an OTR channel. Please note that "establishing" the |
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262 channel could take some time, depending on the delay of exchanging messages |
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263 between both ends. (For the technically inclined: Four messages have to be sent |
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264 before the channel is fully established. The whole protocol is described in |
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265 detail at \url{http://www.cypherpunks.ca/otr/Protocol-v2-3.1.0.html}) |
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266 |
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267 Keep in mind that an established channel with a buddy isn't per se secure. It |
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268 could be possible that you become a victim of a Man-in-the-middle attack. To |
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269 make it secure, you'll have to exchange the fingerprints of the keys through |
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270 a trusted medium (telephone, in person, etc). You can see your own fingerprint |
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271 by using the command \verb+/otr key+ and the fingerprint of your chat buddy by |
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272 \verb+/otr fingerprint+. Check \verb+/help otr+ to find out how to trust the fingerprint now. |
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273 There is even another way for exchanging fingerprints: The Socialist Millionaires' |
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274 Protocol\cite{smp}. It's basically a cryptographic secure way for two parties with the |
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275 secret information x and y to check whether x==y without revealing any |
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276 information about the secrets. Unfortunately there aren't many clients |
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277 supporting that feature yet. In mcabber it is mapped to the commands |
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278 \verb+/otr smpq bob@foo.net your_secret+ for the initiating party and |
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279 \verb+/otr smpr alice@foo.net your_secret+ for the answering party. If both parties supply |
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280 the same secret, the fingerprints can be marked trusted. |
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281 \bibliographystyle{plain} |
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282 \bibliography{guide} |
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283 \end{document} |